CustomElementRegistry.define()

The define() method of the CustomElementRegistry interface defines a new custom element.

There are two types of custom elements you can create:

Autonomous custom element: Standalone elements; they don't inherit from built-in HTML elements.
Customized built-in element: These elements inherit from — and extend — built-in HTML elements.

Syntax

customElements.define(name, constructor, options);

Parameters

name

Name for the new custom element. Note that custom element names must contain a hyphen.

constructor

Constructor for the new custom element.

options Optional

Object that controls how the element is defined. One option is currently supported:

extends: String specifying the name of a built-in element to extend. Used to create a customized built-in element.

Exceptions

NotSupportedError DOMException: Thrown if the CustomElementRegistry already contains an entry with the same name or the same constructor (or is otherwise already defined), or extends is specified and it is a valid custom element name, or extends is specified but the element it is trying to extend is an unknown element.
SyntaxError DOMException: Thrown if the provided name is not a valid custom element name.
TypeError DOMException: Thrown if the referenced constructor is not a constructor.

Note: You'll often get NotSupportedErrors thrown that seem like define() is failing, but instead it is likely a problem with Element.attachShadow().

Examples

Autonomous custom element

The following code is taken from our popup-info-box-web-component example (see it live also).

// Create a class for the element
class PopUpInfo extends HTMLElement {
  constructor() {
    // Always call super first in constructor
    super();

    // Create a shadow root
    var shadow = this.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});

    // Create spans
    var wrapper = document.createElement('span');
    wrapper.setAttribute('class','wrapper');
    var icon = document.createElement('span');
    icon.setAttribute('class','icon');
    icon.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);
    var info = document.createElement('span');
    info.setAttribute('class','info');

    // Take attribute content and put it inside the info span
    var text = this.getAttribute('text');
    info.textContent = text;

    // Insert icon
    var imgUrl;
    if(this.hasAttribute('img')) {
      imgUrl = this.getAttribute('img');
    } else {
      imgUrl = 'img/default.png';
    }
    var img = document.createElement('img');
    img.src = imgUrl;
    icon.appendChild(img);

    // Create some CSS to apply to the shadow dom
    var style = document.createElement('style');

    style.textContent = '.wrapper {' +
                           'position: relative;' +
                        '}' +

                         '.info {' +
                            'font-size: 0.8rem;' +
                            'width: 200px;' +
                            'display: inline-block;' +
                            'border: 1px solid black;' +
                            'padding: 10px;' +
                            'background: white;' +
                            'border-radius: 10px;' +
                            'opacity: 0;' +
                            'transition: 0.6s all;' +
                            'position: absolute;' +
                            'bottom: 20px;' +
                            'left: 10px;' +
                            'z-index: 3;' +
                          '}' +

                          'img {' +
                            'width: 1.2rem' +
                          '}' +

                          '.icon:hover + .info, .icon:focus + .info {' +
                            'opacity: 1;' +
                          '}';

    // attach the created elements to the shadow dom

    shadow.appendChild(style);
    shadow.appendChild(wrapper);
    wrapper.appendChild(icon);
    wrapper.appendChild(info);
  }
}

// Define the new element
customElements.define('popup-info', PopUpInfo);

<popup-info img="img/alt.png" text="Your card validation code (CVC) is an extra
                                    security feature — it is the last 3 or 4
                                    numbers on the back of your card.">

Note: Constructors for autonomous custom elements must extend HTMLElement.

Customized built-in element

The following code is taken from our word-count-web-component example (see it live also).

// Create a class for the element
class WordCount extends HTMLParagraphElement {
  constructor() {
    // Always call super first in constructor
    super();

    // count words in element's parent element
    var wcParent = this.parentNode;

    function countWords(node){
      var text = node.innerText || node.textContent
      return text.split(/\s+/g).length;
    }

    var count = 'Words: ' + countWords(wcParent);

    // Create a shadow root
    var shadow = this.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});

    // Create text node and add word count to it
    var text = document.createElement('span');
    text.textContent = count;

    // Append it to the shadow root
    shadow.appendChild(text);

    // Update count when element content changes
    setInterval(function() {
      var count = 'Words: ' + countWords(wcParent);
      text.textContent = count;
    }, 200)

  }
}

// Define the new element
customElements.define('word-count', WordCount, { extends: 'p' });

<p is="word-count"></p>

Creating an element which disables the ability to attach a shadow root

If the class used for the element contains the static property disabledFeatures returning the string `shadow` this will cause Element.attachShadow() to return a DOMException NotSupportedError.

class PopUpInfo extends HTMLElement {
  static get disabledFeatures() { return ['shadow']; }

  constructor() {
    super();

    var shadow = this.attachShadow({mode: 'open'});
    // this will cause an error to be thrown when the element is defined.
  }
}

Specifications

Specification
HTML Standard # dom-customelementregistry-define-dev

Browser compatibility

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