animation-fill-mode

The animation-fill-mode CSS property sets how a CSS animation applies styles to its target before and after its execution.

It is often convenient to use the shorthand property animation to set all animation properties at once.

Syntax

/* Single animation */
animation-fill-mode: none;
animation-fill-mode: forwards;
animation-fill-mode: backwards;
animation-fill-mode: both;

/* Multiple animations */
animation-fill-mode: none, backwards;
animation-fill-mode: both, forwards, none;

/* Global values */
animation-fill-mode: inherit;
animation-fill-mode: initial;
animation-fill-mode: revert;
animation-fill-mode: unset;

Values

none

The animation will not apply any styles to the target when it's not executing. The element will instead be displayed using any other CSS rules applied to it. This is the default value.

forwards

The target will retain the computed values set by the last keyframe encountered during execution. The last keyframe depends on the value of animation-direction and animation-iteration-count:

animation-direction animation-iteration-count last keyframe encountered
normal even or odd 100% or to
reverse even or odd 0% or from
alternate even 0% or from
alternate odd 100% or to
alternate-reverse even 100% or to
alternate-reverse odd 0% or from
backwards

The animation will apply the values defined in the first relevant keyframe as soon as it is applied to the target, and retain this during the animation-delay period. The first relevant keyframe depends on the value of animation-direction:

animation-direction first relevant keyframe
normal or alternate 0% or from
reverse or alternate-reverse 100% or to
both

The animation will follow the rules for both forwards and backwards, thus extending the animation properties in both directions.

Note: When you specify multiple comma-separated values on an animation-* property, they will be assigned to the animations specified in the animation-name property in different ways depending on how many there are. For more information, see Setting multiple animation property values.

Formal definition

Initial valuenone
Applies toall elements, ::before and ::after pseudo-elements
Inheritedno
Computed valueas specified
Animation typediscrete

Formal syntax

<single-animation-fill-mode>#
where 
<single-animation-fill-mode> = none | forwards | backwards | both

Examples

You can see the effect of animation-fill-mode in the following example. It demonstrates how, for an animation that runs for an infinite time, you can cause it to remain in its final state rather than reverting to the original state (which is the default).

HTML

<p>Move your mouse over the gray box!</p>
<div class="demo">
 <div class="growsandstays">This grows and stays big.</div>
  <div class="grows">This just grows.</div>
</div>

CSS

.demo {
  border-top: 100px solid #ccc;
  height: 300px;
}

@keyframes grow {
  0% { font-size: 0; }
  100% { font-size: 40px; }
}

.demo:hover .grows {
  animation-name: grow;
  animation-duration: 3s;
}

.demo:hover .growsandstays {
  animation-name: grow;
  animation-duration: 3s;
  animation-fill-mode: forwards;
}

Result

See CSS animations for more examples.

Specifications

Specification
CSS Animations Level 2
# animation-fill-mode

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also