CSS reference

Use this CSS reference to browse an alphabetical index of all of the standard CSS properties, pseudo-classes, pseudo-elements, data types, functional notations and at-rules. You can also browse key CSS concepts and a list of selectors organized by type. Also included is a brief DOM-CSS / CSSOM reference.

style-rule ::=
    selectors-list {
      properties-list
    }

... where :

selectors-list ::=
    selector[:pseudo-class] [::pseudo-element]
    [, selectors-list]

properties-list ::=
    [property : value] [; properties-list]

See the index of selectors, pseudo-classes, and pseudo-elements below. The syntax for each specified value depends on the data type defined for each specified property.

Style rule examples

strong {
  color: red;
}

div.menu-bar li:hover > ul {
  display: block;
}

For a beginner-level introduction to the syntax of selectors, see our guide on CSS Selectors. Be aware that any syntax error in a rule definition invalidates the entire rule. Invalid rules are ignored by the browser. Note that CSS rule definitions are entirely (ASCII) text-based, whereas DOM-CSS / CSSOM (the rule management system) is object-based.

As the structure of at-rules varies widely, please see At-rule to find the syntax of the specific one you want.

The following are the various selectors, which allow styles to be conditional based on various features of elements within the DOM.

Basic selectors are fundamental selectors; these are the most basic selectors that are frequently combined to create other, more complex selectors.

• Universal selector *, ns|*, *|*, |*
• Type selector elementname
• Class selector .classname
• ID selector #idname
• Attribute selector [attr=value]

Selector list A, B

Specifies that both A and B elements are selected. This is a grouping method to select several matching elements.

Combinators are selectors that establish a relationship between two or more simple selectors, such as "A is a child of B" or "A is adjacent to B."

Adjacent sibling combinator A + B

Specifies that the elements selected by both A and B have the same parent and that the element selected by B immediately follows the element selected by A horizontally.

General sibling combinator A ~ B

Specifies that the elements selected by both A and B share the same parent and that the element selected by A comes before—but not necessarily immediately before—the element selected by B.

Child combinator A > B

Specifies that the element selected by B is the direct child of the element selected by A.

Descendant combinator A B

Specifies that the element selected by B is a descendant of the element selected by A, but is not necessarily a direct child.

Column combinator A || B

Specifies that the element selected by B is located within the table column specified by A. Elements which span multiple columns are considered to be a member of all of those columns.

Pseudo classes :

Specifies a special state of the selected element(s).

Pseudo elements ::

Represents entities that are not included in HTML.

• CSS syntax
• At-rules
• Cascade
• Comments
• Descriptor
• Inheritance
• Shorthand properties
• Specificity
• Value definition syntax
• CSS unit and value types
• CSS functional notations

• Actual value
• Computed value
• Initial value
• Resolved value
• Specified value
• Used value

• Block formatting context
• Box model
• Containing block
• Layout mode
• Margin collapsing
• Replaced elements
• Stacking context
• Visual formatting model

• Document.styleSheets
• styleSheets[i].cssRules
• cssRules[i].cssText (selector & style)
• cssRules[i].selectorText
• HTMLElement.style
• HTMLElement.style.cssText (just style)
• Element.className
• Element.classList

• CSSStyleSheet.insertRule()
• CSSStyleSheet.deleteRule()

• Mozilla CSS extensions (prefixed with -moz-)
• WebKit CSS extensions (mostly prefixed with -webkit-)
• Microsoft CSS extensions (prefixed with -ms-)

• CSS Indices (w3.org)